Since its publication in 1946, George Orwell's fable of a workers' revolution gone wrong has rivaled Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea as the Shortest Serious Novel It's OK to Write a Book Report About. (The latter is three pages longer and less fun to read.) Fueled by Orwell's intense disillusionment with Soviet Communism, Animal Farm is a nearly perfect piece of writing, bo...
Since its publication in 1946, George Orwell's fable of a workers' revolution gone wrong has rivaled Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea as the Shortest Serious Novel It's OK to Write a Book Report About. (The latter is three pages longer and less fun to read.) Fueled by Orwell's intense disillusionment with Soviet Communism, Animal Farm is a nearly perfect piece of writing, both an engaging story and an allegory that actually works. When the downtrodden beasts of Manor Farm oust their drunken human master and take over management of the land, all are awash in collectivist zeal. Everyone willingly works overtime, productivity soars, and for one brief, glorious season, every belly is full. The animals' Seven Commandment credo is painted in big white letters on the barn. All animals are equal. No animal shall drink alcohol, wear clothes, sleep in a bed, or kill a fellow four-footed creature. Those that go upon four legs or wings are friends and the two-legged are, by definition, the enemy. Too soon, however, the pigs, who have styled themselves leaders by virtue of their intelligence, succumb to the temptations of privilege and power. "We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and organisation of the farm depend on us. Day and night, we are watching over your welfare. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples." While this swinish brotherhood sells out the revolution, cynically editing the Seven Commandments to excuse their violence and greed, the common animals are once again left hungry and exhausted, no better off than in the days when humans ran the farm. Satire Animal Farm may be, but it's a stony reader who remains unmoved when the stalwart workhorse, Boxer, having given his all to his comrades, is sold to the glue factory to buy booze for the pigs. Orwell's view of Communism is bleak indeed, but given the history of the Russian people since 1917, his pessimism has an air of prophecy. --Joyce Thompson --This text refers to the Paperback edition.
作者简介 · · · · · ·
乔治·奥威尔(George Orwell),本名埃里克·亚瑟·布莱尔(Eric Arthur Blair)。1903年生于印度,当时,他的父亲在当地的殖民地政府供职,用他自己的话说,他家属于“中产阶级的下层,或没有钱财的中产家庭”。
1921年,布莱尔从伊顿毕业后考取了公职,到缅甸当了一名帝国警察,在那里,被奴役的殖民地人民的悲惨生活无时不在刺激着他的良知。看着他们在饥寒交迫中、在任人宰割的被奴役中挣扎,他深深感到“帝国主义是一种暴虐”。身为一名帝国警察,他为此在良心上备受煎熬,遂于1927年辞了职,并在后来写下了《绞刑》(A Hanging,1931年,此为正式出版年代,下同),《缅甸岁月》(Burmese Days,1934年)和《猎象记》(Shooting an Elephant,1936年),这些纪实性作品,对帝国主义的罪恶作了无情的揭露。
但是,这一段生活经历仍使布莱尔内疚不已。为了用行动来表示忏悔,也为了自我教育,他从1928年1月回国时起,就深入到社会最底层,四处漂泊流落。尽管他自幼就体弱多病,但在巴黎、伦敦两地,他当过洗盘子的杂工,住过贫民窟,并常常混迹在流浪汉和乞丐之中。次年,布莱尔写下了关于这段经历的纪实性作品《巴黎伦敦落魄记》(Down and Out in Paris and London,1933年),真切地描述了生活在社会底层的人民的苦难。正是在为这部作品署名时,布莱尔用了“乔治·奥威尔”这一笔名。某种程度上说,“奥威尔”的出现,开始了布莱尔的新生活。
这时的奥威尔已经把自己深切的情感系于无产阶级的命运上,在思想上也开始倾向社会主义。他不能容忍劳苦大众在英国处于一种“被忽视的”地位,他曾这样深情地写道:“他们才是真正的英国人。”赶巧,在1936年,有一位进步出版商聘请一位属于“不是受害者自己,而是见证人”的作家,去北部工业区(兰开郡,约克郡)对工人的穷困状况作实地调查。被认为是最合适的人选的奥威尔欣然应聘,历时数月,通过自己的亲眼所见,并参考了包括恩格斯《通往威根码头之路》(The Road to Wigan Pier,1937年)--其中记述了大量的事实,深切地反映出工业区人民生活的悲惨和世道的黑暗。奥威尔不但据此愤怒地谴责资本主义工业化对人性的摧残,还主张用社会主义来拯治社会的弊端。
1936年7月,西班牙内战爆发。同年年底,奥威尔与新婚的妻子一同奔赴西班牙,投身于保卫共和政府的光荣战斗。奥威尔在前线担任少尉,喉部曾经受过重伤。他为记述西班牙内战而写的《向卡特洛尼亚致敬》(Homage to Catalonia,1938年)一书,后来成为关于这场内战的一个权威性文献。
给了我一个近乎完美的解释。
一种宝贵的积累!
听说很久,却一直没有看的一本书
精品!强烈推荐!!