《The Economic and Social Foundations of European Civilization》电子书下载

The Economic and Social Foundations of European Civilizationtxt,chm,pdf,epub,mobi下载
作者:Dopsch, Alfons
出版社: Routledge
出版年: 2010-10-19
页数: 420
装帧: Paperback
ISBN: 9780415607612

内容简介 · · · · · ·

First published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

作者简介 · · · · · ·

阿方斯·多普施（Alfons Dopsch),1868年6月14日出生于奥地利帝国波西米亚（Bohemia）一个名为罗布西茨（Lobositz）的小镇上,该地区即如今捷克共和国的洛沃西采（Lovosice）。多普施于1886年开始在维也纳大学攻读历史学,后于1890年获得博士学位,并在1898年成为维也纳大学的史学教授。在那里,他一直执教到1937年。1953年,多普施逝世于维也纳。

肖超,1975年生,复旦大学历史系博士生,复旦大学法学院博士后。著有论文《提阿菲罗斯在〈致奥托莱库斯〉中史学阐释理论体系》。

目录 · · · · · ·

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS: A DOPSCH: CONTENTS chap. page Introduction to the 1969 Edition by Robert Latouche... xi Introduction to the English Edition... Key to Abbreviations Used in the Footnotes... I. The Influence of Contemporary Movements on Historical Research... 1 The catastrophic theory of the Italian Humanists-The French Era of Enlightenment = Boulainvilliers, Montesquieu, and Voltaire-Guizot-German agrarian history-J. Moser and the Mark-K. D. Hullmann's manorial theory-K. F. Eichhorn's Deutsche Staats- und Rechtsgeschichte-The theory of Germanic freedom, Rogge-Guizot's picture of society-Augustin Thierry-Jakob Grimm-Beseler's principle of association-Wilda and von Sybel emphasize the state-G. Waitz's Constitutional History-Gaupp-Olufsen and G. Hanssen-Kemble-G. Landau and G. L. v. Maurer-F. Thudichum-P. Roth's political theory-Gierke's association theory-R. Sohm's criticisms-Meitzen's study of field systems-Research into place-names: W. Arnold-S. Riezier-Fustel de Coulanges and the evidence of historical sources-The Sociological theory: Sumner Maine-Laveleye-P. Viollet-Geffroy-Morgan-Their opponents: von Inama-Sternegg--Denman W. Ross-G. Kaufman, Thevenin, and R. Hildebrand-E. Mayer-The old hypotheses untenable-New auxiliary sciences. II. The So-called "Earliest" Period (Ceasar ... 30 The natural environment of European culture-Unforested land-The primeval forest-The landscape in Caesar and Tacitus-The stage of civilization reached by the peoples of Central Europe at the beginning of the Christian era-Settled agriculture-Reliability of Caesar-Communal ownership of the soil-State socialism-Tacitus' Germania-Typological treatment and common sources-No communal ownership-Changes of settlement-The occupatio agrorum-Agrarian economy of the Germans = field-grass husbandry-Individual ownership of the soil-Communal cultivation-No attribute of free association-Common routine of cultivation and redistribution of strips-The Mark-association-No communal economy-No free use in the Mark-Co-existence of communal and individual economy-The social basis of the Mark-association theory-Existence of manorialism (Grundherrschaft)-Not all Germans were landlords-Only the leaders-Influence of the "following" on settlement. III. Romans and Germans in the Age of the Migrations... 48 The mistakes of historians-Natural and artificial reasons for the migrations-These already in progress before the time of Caesar-Settlement of Germans within the Empire by the Romans-Excavations-Influx of Germans into the army and the administration, colonization-Their employment as household servants-Their influence on Roman fashions-No complete destruction of Roman culture (continuity of development on the Main)-Domain land-The Neckar district-North-West Germany-The {see copy} of Ptolemy-Westphalia -Friemersheim-The place-names with suffix -weiler-Remains of Roman civilization-Not merely smaller or mountain settlements-Rh{ae}tia and the Tyrol -Bavaria-Patron Saints-Domain land (royal palaces) -Noricum--Bias of the Vita Severini-The walch places-Barschalken-Finds of coins-Pottery-Wheel ornamentation-Household utensils and tools-The glass manufacture -Late Roman industrial art-Anthropological evidence-The relations between Romans and Germans in the towns--The {see copy} of Ptolemy (second century) and Herodian (third century)-Development in detail = Cologne-Neuss, Duren, Andemach-Mainz-Frankfurt-am-Main-Worms-Ladenburg-Trier -Metz-Strassburg-Basel, Chur, and Constance-Kempten-Augsburg-Regensburg-Passau-Salzburg-Sazburg falsifications of hi story-Lauriacum-Vienna-Binnen-Noricum-General survival of the towns-The meaning of the term barbari-The nature of existing sources (writings of Catholic bishops of noble and cultured families who were also great landowners)-The barbari were not uncivilized-Conservative policy of the Germans towards Roman institutions-The peculiar position of Roman writers in the transition period. IV. The Occupation of the Land by the Germans in the Fifth and Sixth centuries... 9 Italy-Odoacer's land grants-The Ostrogoths-The Byzantines-The Lombards-No general exploitation or asservation-Private ownership of land-Romanization-The Visigoths in Spain and the South of France-Their divisions of the land-Right of disposal of landed property-Types of settlement-The Burgundians-Single homesteads and villages-The distribution of land-The Franks-The possibility of a division of land-The settlement of the Franks-The old Frankish agrarian system-No settlement by kindreds with communal ownership-Place-names in -ing-The re-naming of places-The connection with Roman settlements-Continuity of culture-The place-names in --heim-Military importance of royal palaces-Single homesteads or villages ?-Meitzen's study of field-maps-The German folk villages (Gewanndorfer) in Upper Germany-No settlement by associations-The distribution of land and private property-The Alemanni-The theory of annihilation-Wailer's theories-Manorial estates (Grundherrschaft)-Social stratification-The traffic in real property-Frankish colonization-The settlement of the Baiuvari-No settlement by kindreds-The Bavarian Law-Settlement in single homesteads-Frankish colonization-Manorial estates-The manorial theory-The Thuringians-The forms of settlement-Frankish colonization-Differences of rank-The Saxons-The single homesteads of Westphalia-The village settlement-Burgs and seats of the nobility-Coin finds-The Frankish period-The Meier and the cotters-The Instem-The Mark-associations-Schleswig-Holstein, Dithmarschen-The Frisians-Forms of settlement-The Hufen system-The laying together and rounding off of land in later periods-Common lands-The distribution of property-Conclusion. V. The Division of the Soil and Agrarian Economy in the Late Roman and Early Medieval Periods... 132 The dissolution of the older theories-Their inner contradictions-No interruption of civilization and no catastrophe-Increase of population through German settlement-The great estates of the Roman Emperors-Land loans-Inquilini-The legal status of the Roman estate territory-Immunity-The labour dues-Free landowners = the Roman division of land and fields-Intermixture, bounds, and disputes over bounds among vicini-Field measurements-Forests and rivers-Survival of Roman land divisions shown by arch{ae}ological investigation-Fundus and Mark-The Hufen-Close correspondence in the material composition of the Roman and the German Hufe-Iuncta and sub-iuncta in the Frankish appurtenance formularies-inculta, wadriscap{ae}- Origin of the Hufe system-The Mark-The concept of the boundary-The actual composition of the Mark in the various areas of settlement-The ownership of appurtenances -Inheritance by the vicini in the Edict of King Chilperic-The right of objecting to strangers to the Mark (Tit. de migrantibus in the Lex Salica)-New reclamations and the right of assarting (Bifang)-Varies with the size of individual holdings -Heritable leases of assarted land-Continuity with the Roman period-The village commons (Almends)-Rubel on division in Marks by the Franks-Preceding development under Rome-The relation between Roman arrangements and those of the Germano-Frankish era-The German village fields-Seigneurial and free Marks-Patrocinium of great landlords-The new motives of the German development-Household communities-Artificial relationships-Economic consequences of land-loans-The right of settlement exercised by the Frankish kings-Administrative organization-The older German land-gifts-The economic organization-The three-field system-The fencing obligations of the members of the Mark-The continuity of economic units-The Romano-German peasant calendar-Conclusion. VI. Political Structure... 165 Nature of the problem-The civitas-As a community of "folk'-Pagus-Gau-In the Roman Period-The hundred-Private property in land -The Nomad theory rejected as an explanation of the hundred-The hundred was a military and jurisdictional association-The comites ex plebe-The principes -Discussion of the alleged republican form of constitution-The kingship-The co-princes of the different tribes-The dux-The priesthood-Not a later introduction-The Druids-The temple-priesthood in Iceland-The Nobility-The Hereditary principle-Political significance-The right to maintain a" following" -The bucellarii-Influence of the "following" on the German system of government-The wars between the Germans and the Romans-Roman influences-German Army leaders in the service of Rome-The effects of the permanent German settlement-The new kingship-The significance of Childeric-The work of Clovis-The Gau- or district-kingship-Among the Anglo-Saxons- Among the Lombards-The development of the monarchy and the Roman Church-Among the Visigoths-Among the Anglo-Saxons-The new nobility -The situation in Gaul-Old German influences-The co-operation of the people-The great men themselves representatives-The potentes-The co-operation of the people among Alemanni, Baiuvari, and Lombards-The Visigoths and Burgundians-The Anglo-Saxons-The North German peoples-The transformation of the old popular constitution through the aristocracy-The acceptance of Christianity-The close connection between State and church-The service of the king-Acquisition of land by the royal ministri-Decline of the royal power-Rising power of the nobility-The treaty of Andelot (587) -And the Edict of Clothar II (614)-Their political significance. VII. The Reorganization of Society... 202 Theories of the rise of the nobility among the Franks-The theory of a destruction of the nobility of birth-The service nobility-Existence of an ancient nobility-Extensive landed property-The nobility among the Alemanni and Burgundians-Among the Visigoths-The Lombards, Anglo-Saxons, and Baiuvari-Nobility of service and nobility of birth-The immunitas-The holders of royal beneficia-The royal offices become hereditary-The nobility in Spain-In Italy-In England-The Lombard Kingdom-The ordinary freemen-Alleged uniformity of holdings (the Hufe)-Causes of change-Social differentiation of the mass of the freemen among Alemanni and Burgundians-Visigoths and Baiuvari-Ostrogoths and Lombards-In England-Legislation to protect the peasantry-The social depression of th...

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS: A DOPSCH: CONTENTS chap. page Introduction to the 1969 Edition by Robert Latouche... xi Introduction to the English Edition... Key to Abbreviations Used in the Footnotes... I. The Influence of Contemporary Movements on Historical Research... 1 The catastrophic theory of the Italian Humanists-The French Era of Enlightenment = Boulainvilliers, Montesquieu, and Voltaire-Guizot-German agrarian history-J. Moser and the Mark-K. D. Hullmann's manorial theory-K. F. Eichhorn's Deutsche Staats- und Rechtsgeschichte-The theory of Germanic freedom, Rogge-Guizot's picture of society-Augustin Thierry-Jakob Grimm-Beseler's principle of association-Wilda and von Sybel emphasize the state-G. Waitz's Constitutional History-Gaupp-Olufsen and G. Hanssen-Kemble-G. Landau and G. L. v. Maurer-F. Thudichum-P. Roth's political theory-Gierke's association theory-R. Sohm's criticisms-Meitzen's study of field systems-Research into place-names: W. Arnold-S. Riezier-Fustel de Coulanges and the evidence of historical sources-The Sociological theory: Sumner Maine-Laveleye-P. Viollet-Geffroy-Morgan-Their opponents: von Inama-Sternegg--Denman W. Ross-G. Kaufman, Thevenin, and R. Hildebrand-E. Mayer-The old hypotheses untenable-New auxiliary sciences. II. The So-called "Earliest" Period (Ceasar ... 30 The natural environment of European culture-Unforested land-The primeval forest-The landscape in Caesar and Tacitus-The stage of civilization reached by the peoples of Central Europe at the beginning of the Christian era-Settled agriculture-Reliability of Caesar-Communal ownership of the soil-State socialism-Tacitus' Germania-Typological treatment and common sources-No communal ownership-Changes of settlement-The occupatio agrorum-Agrarian economy of the Germans = field-grass husbandry-Individual ownership of the soil-Communal cultivation-No attribute of free association-Common routine of cultivation and redistribution of strips-The Mark-association-No communal economy-No free use in the Mark-Co-existence of communal and individual economy-The social basis of the Mark-association theory-Existence of manorialism (Grundherrschaft)-Not all Germans were landlords-Only the leaders-Influence of the "following" on settlement. III. Romans and Germans in the Age of the Migrations... 48 The mistakes of historians-Natural and artificial reasons for the migrations-These already in progress before the time of Caesar-Settlement of Germans within the Empire by the Romans-Excavations-Influx of Germans into the army and the administration, colonization-Their employment as household servants-Their influence on Roman fashions-No complete destruction of Roman culture (continuity of development on the Main)-Domain land-The Neckar district-North-West Germany-The {see copy} of Ptolemy-Westphalia -Friemersheim-The place-names with suffix -weiler-Remains of Roman civilization-Not merely smaller or mountain settlements-Rh{ae}tia and the Tyrol -Bavaria-Patron Saints-Domain land (royal palaces) -Noricum--Bias of the Vita Severini-The walch places-Barschalken-Finds of coins-Pottery-Wheel ornamentation-Household utensils and tools-The glass manufacture -Late Roman industrial art-Anthropological evidence-The relations between Romans and Germans in the towns--The {see copy} of Ptolemy (second century) and Herodian (third century)-Development in detail = Cologne-Neuss, Duren, Andemach-Mainz-Frankfurt-am-Main-Worms-Ladenburg-Trier -Metz-Strassburg-Basel, Chur, and Constance-Kempten-Augsburg-Regensburg-Passau-Salzburg-Sazburg falsifications of hi story-Lauriacum-Vienna-Binnen-Noricum-General survival of the towns-The meaning of the term barbari-The nature of existing sources (writings of Catholic bishops of noble and cultured families who were also great landowners)-The barbari were not uncivilized-Conservative policy of the Germans towards Roman institutions-The peculiar position of Roman writers in the transition period. IV. The Occupation of the Land by the Germans in the Fifth and Sixth centuries... 9 Italy-Odoacer's land grants-The Ostrogoths-The Byzantines-The Lombards-No general exploitation or asservation-Private ownership of land-Romanization-The Visigoths in Spain and the South of France-Their divisions of the land-Right of disposal of landed property-Types of settlement-The Burgundians-Single homesteads and villages-The distribution of land-The Franks-The possibility of a division of land-The settlement of the Franks-The old Frankish agrarian system-No settlement by kindreds with communal ownership-Place-names in -ing-The re-naming of places-The connection with Roman settlements-Continuity of culture-The place-names in --heim-Military importance of royal palaces-Single homesteads or villages ?-Meitzen's study of field-maps-The German folk villages (Gewanndorfer) in Upper Germany-No settlement by associations-The distribution of land and private property-The Alemanni-The theory of annihilation-Wailer's theories-Manorial estates (Grundherrschaft)-Social stratification-The traffic in real property-Frankish colonization-The settlement of the Baiuvari-No settlement by kindreds-The Bavarian Law-Settlement in single homesteads-Frankish colonization-Manorial estates-The manorial theory-The Thuringians-The forms of settlement-Frankish colonization-Differences of rank-The Saxons-The single homesteads of Westphalia-The village settlement-Burgs and seats of the nobility-Coin finds-The Frankish period-The Meier and the cotters-The Instem-The Mark-associations-Schleswig-Holstein, Dithmarschen-The Frisians-Forms of settlement-The Hufen system-The laying together and rounding off of land in later periods-Common lands-The distribution of property-Conclusion. V. The Division of the Soil and Agrarian Economy in the Late Roman and Early Medieval Periods... 132 The dissolution of the older theories-Their inner contradictions-No interruption of civilization and no catastrophe-Increase of population through German settlement-The great estates of the Roman Emperors-Land loans-Inquilini-The legal status of the Roman estate territory-Immunity-The labour dues-Free landowners = the Roman division of land and fields-Intermixture, bounds, and disputes over bounds among vicini-Field measurements-Forests and rivers-Survival of Roman land divisions shown by arch{ae}ological investigation-Fundus and Mark-The Hufen-Close correspondence in the material composition of the Roman and the German Hufe-Iuncta and sub-iuncta in the Frankish appurtenance formularies-inculta, wadriscap{ae}- Origin of the Hufe system-The Mark-The concept of the boundary-The actual composition of the Mark in the various areas of settlement-The ownership of appurtenances -Inheritance by the vicini in the Edict of King Chilperic-The right of objecting to strangers to the Mark (Tit. de migrantibus in the Lex Salica)-New reclamations and the right of assarting (Bifang)-Varies with the size of individual holdings -Heritable leases of assarted land-Continuity with the Roman period-The village commons (Almends)-Rubel on division in Marks by the Franks-Preceding development under Rome-The relation between Roman arrangements and those of the Germano-Frankish era-The German village fields-Seigneurial and free Marks-Patrocinium of great landlords-The new motives of the German development-Household communities-Artificial relationships-Economic consequences of land-loans-The right of settlement exercised by the Frankish kings-Administrative organization-The older German land-gifts-The economic organization-The three-field system-The fencing obligations of the members of the Mark-The continuity of economic units-The Romano-German peasant calendar-Conclusion. VI. Political Structure... 165 Nature of the problem-The civitas-As a community of "folk'-Pagus-Gau-In the Roman Period-The hundred-Private property in land -The Nomad theory rejected as an explanation of the hundred-The hundred was a military and jurisdictional association-The comites ex plebe-The principes -Discussion of the alleged republican form of constitution-The kingship-The co-princes of the different tribes-The dux-The priesthood-Not a later introduction-The Druids-The temple-priesthood in Iceland-The Nobility-The Hereditary principle-Political significance-The right to maintain a" following" -The bucellarii-Influence of the "following" on the German system of government-The wars between the Germans and the Romans-Roman influences-German Army leaders in the service of Rome-The effects of the permanent German settlement-The new kingship-The significance of Childeric-The work of Clovis-The Gau- or district-kingship-Among the Anglo-Saxons- Among the Lombards-The development of the monarchy and the Roman Church-Among the Visigoths-Among the Anglo-Saxons-The new nobility -The situation in Gaul-Old German influences-The co-operation of the people-The great men themselves representatives-The potentes-The co-operation of the people among Alemanni, Baiuvari, and Lombards-The Visigoths and Burgundians-The Anglo-Saxons-The North German peoples-The transformation of the old popular constitution through the aristocracy-The acceptance of Christianity-The close connection between State and church-The service of the king-Acquisition of land by the royal ministri-Decline of the royal power-Rising power of the nobility-The treaty of Andelot (587) -And the Edict of Clothar II (614)-Their political significance. VII. The Reorganization of Society... 202 Theories of the rise of the nobility among the Franks-The theory of a destruction of the nobility of birth-The service nobility-Existence of an ancient nobility-Extensive landed property-The nobility among the Alemanni and Burgundians-Among the Visigoths-The Lombards, Anglo-Saxons, and Baiuvari-Nobility of service and nobility of birth-The immunitas-The holders of royal beneficia-The royal offices become hereditary-The nobility in Spain-In Italy-In England-The Lombard Kingdom-The ordinary freemen-Alleged uniformity of holdings (the Hufe)-Causes of change-Social differentiation of the mass of the freemen among Alemanni and Burgundians-Visigoths and Baiuvari-Ostrogoths and Lombards-In England-Legislation to protect the peasantry-The social depression of th...
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